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Research problem and specific questionsHealth economic evaluations constitute an important basis for decisions on the reimbursement and use of oncology drugs in Sweden. At the time of decision there is high degree of uncertainty in survival effects from a lifetime perspective, which needs to be predicted from clinical trials with short follow-up time.The project aim is to investigate the accuracy in health economic evaluations in the assessment of oncology drugs and to investigate how these evaluations can be improved to guide decisions on the reimbursement and use of these drugs. The research questions are:how accurate are long-term survival predictions for oncology drugs compared to outcomes in clinical practice?how can relevant information outside the clinical trial and statistical methods be used to improve survival predictions of oncology drugs in health economic evaluations?Data and methodA database with longitudinal data from Swedish registries is used to answer the research questions. Question 1 is answered by studying long-term survival in clinical practice in cancer patients who have used drugs previously assessed by the Dental and Pharmaceuticals benefits agency (TLV) to inform decisions on the reimbursement or use of drugs at hospitals as recommended by the New Therapies Council (NT-RÃ¥det). At the time of the decision the predicted long-term survival effect of the drug will be compared to the long-term survival effect in clinical practice. Question 2 is answered by validating two statistical methods which use external data outside the clinical trial.Societal relev,ance and utilisationThe project contributes to improving health economic evaluations supporting decisions on the reimbursement and use of oncology drugs in Sweden. This benefits TLV, NT-rÃ¥det, and the health care system and will increase the opportunity to attain the highest level of health benefits for limited resources in society. The project results will be published in scientific journals and will be presented on seminars at NT-rÃ¥det and TLV, which will support the dissemination of the results of the project to a wider community, authorities and healthcare providers.Plan for project realisationThe project is part of a doctoral project and will be conducted in collaboration with TLV and between three research groups at ̽»¨¾«Ñ¡, providing extensive experience in health economic evaluation, biostatistics and cancer survival, and strong clinical experience in oncology.

The prognosis following a diagnosis of cancer, or other diseases, is often measured using survival proportions. Recently, however, there has been an increased interest in presenting other measures of patient survival, that are easier to interpret and can give a better understanding of the impact a diagnosis has on an individual’s life span. I have previously developed such methods, namely methods for estimating the life expectancy for cancer patients and the loss in life expectancy (LLE) compared to cancer-free individuals. To further enhance the usefulness of the measures, further extensions are needed. The aim of this project is to further develop and apply the methods, specifically toCombine causal mediation analysis and LLE to quantify the impact of potential drivers of socioeconomic differences in survivalIncorporate uncertainty in general population mortality in the estimation of LLEInvestigate assumptions in survival extrapolation for estimation of LLEThe developed methods will be applied to cancer registry data, to answer research questions of clinical and public health importance. For example, to investigate socioeconomic inequalities in survival of patients with malignant melanoma and colorectal cancer, to estimate the LLE for hematological cancers with an indolent disease course, as well as for patients diagnosed with malignant melanoma at a young age. The methods have potential to be used also in other disease areas.